The lithic industries of Gruta Nova de Columbeira (Bombarral, Portugal) in the context of the Late Mousterian of the Iberian Peninsula
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.1998.v55.i1.316Keywords:
Portuguese Middle Palaeolithic, Iberian Final Mousterian, Neandertals, Middle/Upper Palaeolithic transitionAbstract
Gruta Nova de Columbeira, discovered in 1962, is one of the most important Middle Palaeolithic sites in Portugal. The lithic industry, here described for the first time, may be described in general terms as a Denticulate Mousterian of Levallois fades rich in sidescrapers and it bears no resemblance to the Upper Palaeolithic. Two 14C dates (28900 ± 900 and 26400 ± 750 BP) from the two human occupations at the base of the stratigraphic sequence confer a particular interest to this site. It is among almost twenty others in southern Spain and Portugal in which Mousterian industries and Neanderthal sekeletal remains persist even after 30000 BP. This article presents a bio geographical explanation of this phenomenon in the context of the historical evolution documented in the three southern peninsulae of Europe (Iberia, Italy, and the Balkans).
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